volleyball game - player at fault

volleyball game - player at fault

22.2.3.2	If the fault is whistled by the 2nd referee, he/she will indicate:
	a) the nature of the fault,
	b) the player at fault (if necessary),
	c) the team to serve following the hand signal of the 1st referee.	12.2.2
	In this case, the 1st referee does not show either the nature of the fault or the player at fault, but only the team to serve.	D11 (2)
22.2.3.3	In the case of an attack hit fault by back row or Libero players, both referees indicate according to 22.2.3.1 and 22.2.3.2 above.	12.2.2, 13.3.3, 13.3.5, 19.3.1.2, 23.3.2.3d, e, D11 (21)
22.2.3.4	In the case of a double fault both referees indicate in order:
	a) the nature of the fault,	17.3, D11 (23)
	b) the players at fault (if necessary),
	c) the team to serve as directed by the 1st referee.	12.2.2, D11 (2)

volleyball game - REFEREEING PROCEDURES referee gives the signal

volleyball game - REFEREEING PROCEDURES referee gives the signal

122.2	PROCEDURES
22.2.1	Only the 1st and 2nd referees may blow a whistle during the match:
22.2.1.1	the 1st referee gives the signal for the service that begins the rally;	6.1.3, 12.3
22.2.1.2	the 1st or 2nd referee signals the end of the rally, provided that they are sure that a fault has been committed and they have identified its nature.
22.2.2	They may blow the whistle when the ball is out of play to indicate that they authorize or reject a team request.	5.1.2, 8.2
22.2.3	Immediately after the referee's whistle to signal the completion of the rally, they have to indicate with the official hand signals:	22.2.1.2, 28.1
22.2.3.1	if the fault is whistled by the 1st referee, he/she will indicate in order:
	a) the team to serve,	12.2.2, D11 (2)
	b) the nature of the fault,
	c) the player(s) at fault (if necessary).
	The 2nd referee will follow the 1st referee's hand signals by repeating them.

volleyball game - REFEREEING CORPS AND PROCEDURES

volleyball game - REFEREEING CORPS AND PROCEDURES

PART 2
SECTION 2:
THE REFEREES, THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES AND OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
CHAPTER 8
REFEREES

22 22.1	REFEREEING CORPS AND PROCEDURES COMPOSITION
	The refereeing corps for a match is composed of the following officials:
	- the 1st referee,	23
	- the 2nd referee,	24
	- the scorer,	25
	- four (two) line judges.	27
	Their location is shown in Diagram 10.
	For FIVB, World and Official Competitions an assistant scorer is compulsory.	26

volleyball game - MISCONDUCT BEFORE AND BETWEEN SETS

volleyball game - MISCONDUCT BEFORE AND BETWEEN SETS

21.5	MISCONDUCT BEFORE AND BETWEEN SETS
	Any misconduct occurring before or between sets is sanctioned according to Rule 21.3 and sanctions apply in the following set.	18.1, 21.2, 21.3
121.6	SUMMARY OF MISCONDUCT AND CARDS USED	D11 (6a, 6b, 7, 8)
	Warning: no sanction - Stage 1: verbal warning Stage 2: symbol Yellow card	21.1
	Penalty: sanction - symbol Red card	21.3.1
	Expulsion: sanction - symbol Red + Yellow cards jointly	21.3.2
	Disqualification: sanction - symbol Red + Yellow card separately	21.3.3

volleyball game - misconduct sanctions

volleyball game - misconduct sanctions

	MiSCONDUCT SANCTiON
21.4.1	All misconduct sanctions are individual sanctions, remain in force for the entire match and are recorded on the score sheet.	21.3, 25.2.2.6
21.4.2	The repetition of misconduct by the same team member in the same match is sanctioned progressively (the team member receives a heavier sanction for each successive offence).	4.1.1, 21.2, 21.3, D9
21.4.3	Expulsion or disqualification due to offensive conduct or aggression does not require a previous sanction.	21.2, 21.3

volleyball game - SANCTION SCALE judgment of the referee

volleyball game - SANCTION SCALE judgment of the referee

21.3	SANCTION SCALE	D9
	According to the judgment of the 1st referee and depending on the seriousness of the offence, the sanctions to be applied and recorded on the score sheet are: Penalty, Expulsion or Disqualification.	21.2, 25.2.2.6
21.3.1	Penalty	D11 (6b)
	The first rude conduct in the match by any team member is penalized with a point and service to the opponent.	4.1.1, 21.2.1
21.3.2	Expulsion	D11 (7)
21.3.2.1	A team member who is sanctioned by expulsion shall not play for the rest of the set, must be substituted legally and immediately if on court and must remain seated in the penalty area with no other consequences.	1.4.6, 4.1.1, 5.2.1, 5.3.2, D1a, D1b
	An expelled coach loses his/her right to intervene in the set and must remain seated in the penalty area.	5.2.3.3
21.3.2.2	The first offensive conduct by a team member is sanctioned by expulsion with no other consequences.	4.1.1, 21.2.2
21.3.2.3	The second rude conduct in the same match by the same team member is sanctioned by expulsion with no other consequences.	4.1.1, 21.2.1
21.3.3	Disqualification	D11 (8)
21.3.3.1	A team member who is sanctioned by disqualification must be substituted legally and immediately if on court and must leave the Competition-Control Area for the rest of the match with no other consequences.	4.1.1, D1a
21.3.3.2	The first physical attack or implied or threatened aggression is sanctioned by disqualification with no other consequences.	21.2.3
21.3.3.3	The second offensive conduct in the same match by the same team member is sanctioned by disqualification with no other consequences.	4.1.1, 21.2.2

volleyball game - Incorrect conduct by a team member

volleyball game - Incorrect conduct by a team member

21.2	MISCONDUCT LEADING TO SANCTIONS
	Incorrect conduct by a team member towards officials, opponents, team-mates or spectators is classified in three categories according to the seriousness of the offence.	4.1.1
21.2.1	Rude conduct: action contrary to good manners or moral principles.
21.2.2	Offensive conduct: defamatory or insulting words or gestures or any action expressing contempt.
21.2.3	Aggression: actual physical attack or aggressive or threatening behaviour.

volleyball game - MISCONDUCT AND ITS SANCTIONS

volleyball game - MISCONDUCT AND ITS SANCTIONS

	MISCONDUCT AND ITS SANCTIONS
	MINOR MISCONDUCT
	Minor misconduct offences are not subject to sanctions. It is the 1st referee’s duty to prevent the teams from approaching the sanctioning level.	5.1.2, 21.3
	This is done in two stages:	D9, D11 (6a)
	Stage 1: by issuing a verbal warning through the game captain;
	Stage 2: by use of a YELLOW CARD to the team member(s) concerned. This formal warning is not in itself a sanction but a symbol that the team member (and by extension the team) has reached the sanctioning level for the match. It is recorded in the score sheet but has no immediate consequences.

volleyball game - FAIR PLAY

volleyball game - FAIR PLAY

120.2	FAIR PLAY
20.2.1	Participants must behave respectfully and courteously in the spirit of FAIR PLAY, not only towards the referees, but also towards other officials, the opponent, team-mates and spectators.
20.2.2	Communication between team members during the match is permitted.	5.2.3.4

volleyball game - PARTICIPANTS' CONDUCT

volleyball game - PARTICIPANTS' CONDUCT

CHAPTER 7
PARTICIPANTS' CONDUCT

20	REQUIREMENTS OF CONDUCT
20.1	SPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT
20.1.1	Participants must know the "Official Volleyball Rules" and abide by them.
20.1.2	Participants must accept referees' decisions with sportsmanlike conduct, without disputing them.
	In case of doubt, clarification may be requested only through the game captain.	5.1.2.1
20.1.3	Participants must refrain from actions or attitudes aimed at influencing the decisions of the referees or covering up faults committed by their team.

volleyball game - Libero expelled or disqualified

volleyball game - Libero expelled or disqualified

119.5	SUMMARY
19.5.1	If the Libero is expelled or disqualified, he/she may be replaced immediately by the team's second Libero. Should the team have only one Libero, then it has the right to make a re-designation.	19.4, 21.3.2, 21.3.3

volleyball game - Team with two Liberos

volleyball game - Team with two Liberos

19.4.3	Team with two Liberos
19.4.3.1	Where a team has registered on the score sheet two Liberos, but one becomes unable to play the team has the right to play with only one Libero.	4.1.1, 19.1.1
	No re-designation will be allowed, however, unless the remaining Libero is unable to continue playing for the match.	19.4

volleyball game - RE-DESIGNATION OF A NEW LIBERO

volleyball game - RE-DESIGNATION OF A NEW LIBERO

119.4	RE-DESIGNATION OF A NEW LIBERO
19.4.1	The Libero becomes unable to play if injured, ill, expelled or disqualified.	21.3.2, 21.3.3, D9
	The Libero can be declared unable to play for any reason by the coach or, in the absence of a coach, by the game captain.	5.1.2.1, 5.2.1
19.4.2	Team with one Libero
19.4.2.1	When only one Libero is available for a team according to Rule 19.4.1, or the team has only one registered, and this Libero becomes or is declared unable to play, the coach (or game captain if no coach is present) may re-designate as Libero for the remainder of the match any other player (replacement player excepted) not on the court at the moment of the re-designation.	19.4, 19.4.1
19.4.2.2	If the Acting Libero becomes unable to play, he/she may be replaced by the regular replacement player or immediately and directly to court by a re-designated Libero. However, a Libero who is the subject of a re-designation may not play for the remainder of the match.
	If the Libero is not on court when declared unable to play, he/she may also be the subject of a re-designation. The Libero declared unable to play may not play for the remainder of the match.
19.4.2.3	The coach, or game captain if no coach is present, contacts the second referee informing him/her about the re-designation.	5.1.2.1, 5.2.1
19.4.2.4	Should a re-designated Libero become or be declared unable to play, further re-designations are permitted.	19.4.1
19.4.2.5	If the coach requests the team captain to be re-designated as the new Libero, this will be permitted - but the team captain must in this case relinquish all leadership privileges.	5.1.2, 19.4.1
19.4.2.6	In the case of a re-designated Libero, the number of the player redesignated as Libero must be recorded on the score sheet remarks section and on the Libero control sheet (or electronic score sheet if one is used.)	25.2.2.7, 26.2.2.1

volleyball game - Libero Replacements

volleyball game - Libero Replacements

19.3.2	Libero Replacements
19.3.2.1	Libero Replacements are not counted as substitutions.	6.1.3, 15.5
	They are unlimited but there must be a completed rally between two Libero replacements (unless a penalty causes the team to rotate and the Libero to move to position four, or the Acting Libero becomes unable to play, making the rally incomplete.)
19.3.2.2	The regular replacement player may replace and be replaced by either Libero. The Acting Libero can only be replaced by the regular replacement player for that position or by the second Libero.
19.3.2.3	At the start of each set, the Libero cannot enter the court until the 2nd referee has checked the line-up and authorised a Libero replacement with a starting player.	7.3.2, 12.1
19.3.2.4	Other Libero replacements must only take place while the ball is out of play and before the whistle for service.	8.2, 12.3
19.3.2.5	A Libero replacement made after the whistle for service but before the service hit should not be rejected; however, at the end of the rally, the game captain must be informed that this is not a permitted procedure, and that repetition will be subject to delay sanctions.	12.3, 12.4, D9
19.3.2.6	Subsequent late Libero replacements shall result in the play being interrupted immediately, and the imposition of a delay sanction. The team to serve next will be determined by the level of the delay sanction.	16.2, D9
19.3.2.7	The Libero and the replacing player may only enter or leave the court through the Libero Replacement Zone.	1.4.4, D1b
19.3.2.8	Libero replacements must be recorded in the Libero Control Sheet (if one is used) or on the electronic score sheet.	26.2.2.1, 26.2.2.2
19.3.2.9	An illegal Libero replacement can involve (amongst others)
	- no completed rally between Libero replacements,	6.1.3
	- the Libero being replaced by a player other than the second Libero or the regular replacement player.	15.9
	An illegal Libero replacement should be considered in the same way as an illegal substitution:	15.9
	should the illegal Libero replacement be noticed before the start of the next rally, then this is corrected by the referees, and the team is sanctioned for delay;	D9
	should the illegal Libero replacement be noticed after the service hit, the consequences are the same as for an illegal substitution.	15.9

volleyball game - ACTIONS INVOLVING THE LIBERO

volleyball game - ACTIONS INVOLVING THE LIBERO

119.3	ACTIONS INVOLVING THE LIBERO
19.3.1	The playing actions:
19.3.1.1	The Libero is allowed to replace any player in a back row position.	7.4.1.2
19.3.1.2	He/she is restricted to perform as a back row player and is not allowed to complete an attack hit from anywhere (including playing court and free zone) if at the moment of the contact the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net.	13.2.2, 13.2.3, 13.3.5
19.3.1.3	He/she may not serve, block or attempt to block.	12.4.1, 14.6.2, 14.6.6, D11 (12)
19.3.1.4	A player may not complete an attack hit when the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net, if the ball is coming from an overhand finger pass by a Libero in his/her front zone. The ball may be freely attacked if the Libero makes the same action from outside his/her front zone.	1.4.1, 13.3.6, 23.3.2.3d, e, D1b

volleyball game - THE LIBERO PLAYER

volleyball game - THE LIBERO PLAYER

CHAPTER 6
THE LIBERO PLAYER

19	THE LIBERO PLAYER
19.1	DESIGNATION OF THE LIBERO	5
19.1.1	Each team has the right to designate from the list of players on the score sheet up to two specialist defensive players: Liberos.	4.1.1
19.1.2	All Liberos must be recorded on the score sheet in the special lines reserved for this.	5.2.2, 25.2.1.1, 26.2.1.1
19.1.3	The Libero on court is the Acting Libero. If there is another Libero, he/ she is the second Libero for the team.
	Only one Libero may be on court at any time.
19.2	EQUIPMENT	4.3
	The Libero player(s) must wear a uniform (OR JACKET/BIB FOR THE REDESIGNATED Libero) which has a different dominant colour from any colour of the rest of the team. The uniform must clearly contrast with the rest of the team.
	The Libero uniforms must be numbered like the rest of the team.
	For FIVB, World and Official competitions, the re-designated Libero should, if possible, wear the same style and colour of jersey as the original Libero, but should keep his/her own number.

volleyball game - INTERVALS AND CHANGE OF COURTS

volleyball game - INTERVALS AND CHANGE OF COURTS

18	INTERVALS AND CHANGE OF COURTS
18.1	INTERVALS
	An interval is the time between sets. All intervals last three minutes.	4.2.4
	During this period of time, the change of courts and line-up registrations of the teams on the score sheet are made.	7.3.2, 18.2, 25.2.1.2
	The interval between the second and the third set can be extended up to 10 minutes by the competent body at the request of the organizer.
118.2	CHANGE OF COURTS	D11 (3)
18.2.1	After each set, the teams change courts, with the exception of the deciding set.	7.1
18.2.2	In the deciding set, once the leading team reaches 8 points, the teams change courts without delay and the player positions remain the same.	6.3.2, 7.4.1, 25.2.2.5
	If the change is not made once the leading team reaches 8 points, it will take place as soon as the error is noticed. The score at the time that the change is made remains the same.

volleyball game - PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS exceeding 4 hours

volleyball game - PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS exceeding 4 hours

17.3.2.2	if the match is resumed on another playing court, the interrupted set is cancelled and replayed with the same team members and the same starting line-ups (except expelled or disqualified ones) and the record of all sanctions will be maintained. The sets already played will keep their scores.	7.3, 21.4.1, D9
17.3.3	Should one or several interruptions occur, exceeding 4 hours in total, the whole match shall be replayed.

volleyball game - PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS exceeding 4 hours

volleyball game - PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS exceeding 4 hours

17.3.2.2	if the match is resumed on another playing court, the interrupted set is cancelled and replayed with the same team members and the same starting line-ups (except expelled or disqualified ones) and the record of all sanctions will be maintained. The sets already played will keep their scores.	7.3, 21.4.1, D9
17.3.3	Should one or several interruptions occur, exceeding 4 hours in total, the whole match shall be replayed.

volleyball game - PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS

volleyball game - PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS

17.3	PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS
17.3.1	If unforeseen circumstances interrupt the match, the 1st referee, the organizer and the Control Committee, if there is one, shall decide the measures to be taken to re-establish normal conditions.	23.2.3
17.3.2	Should one or several interruptions occur, not exceeding 4 hours in total:	17.3.1
17.3.2.1	if the match is resumed on the same playing court, the interrupted set shall continue normally with the same score, players (except expelled or disqualified ones) and positions. The sets already played will keep their scores;	1, 7.3

volleyball game - EXCEPTIONAL GAME INTERRUPTIONS

volleyball game - EXCEPTIONAL GAME INTERRUPTIONS

17	EXCEPTIONAL GAME INTERRUPTIONS
17.1	INJURY/ ILLNESS	8.1
17.1.1	Should a serious accident occur while the ball is in play, the referee must stop the game immediately and permit medical assistance to enter the court.
	The rally is then replayed.	6.1.3
17.1.2	If an injured/ill player cannot be substituted legally or exceptionally, the player is given a 3-minute recovery time, but not more than once for the same player in the match.	15.6, 15.7, 24.2.8
	If the player does not recover, his/her team is declared incomplete.	6.4.3, 7.3.1
17.2	EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE
	If there is any external interference during the game, the play has to be stopped and the rally is replayed.	6.1.3, D11 (23)

volleyball game - DELAY SANCTIONS penalty

volleyball game - DELAY SANCTIONS penalty

16.2	DELAY SANCTIONS	D9
16.2.1	"Delay warning" and ״delay penalty" are team sanctions.
16.2.1.1	Delay sanctions remain in force for the entire match.	6.3
16.2.1.2	All delay sanctions are recorded on the score sheet.	25.2.2.6
16.2.2	The first delay in the match by a team member is sanctioned with a "DELAY WARNING".	4.1.1, D11 (25)
16.2.3	The second and subsequent delays of any type by any member of the same team in the same match constitute a fault and are sanctioned with a ״DELAY PENALTY": a point and service to the opponent.	6.1.3, D11 (25)
16.2.4	Delay sanctions imposed before or between sets are applied in the following set.	18.1

volleyball game - IMPROPER REQUESTS

volleyball game - IMPROPER REQUESTS

15.11	IMPROPER REQUESTS
15.11.1	It is improper to request any regular game interruption:	15
15.11.1.1	during a rally or at the moment of or after the whistle to serve,	12.3
15.11.1.2	by a non-authorized team member,	5.1.2.3, 5.2.3.3
15.11.1.3	for a second substitution by the same team during the same interruption, except in the case of injury/illness of a player in play.	15.2.2, 15.2.3, 16.1, 25.2.2.6
15.11.1.4	after having exhausted the authorized number of time-outs and substitutions.	15.1
15.11.2	The first improper request by a team in the match that does not affect or delay the game shall be rejected, but it must be recorded on the score sheet without any other consequences.	16.1, 25.2.2.6
15.11.3	Any further improper request in the match by the same team constitutes a delay.	16.1.4

volleyball game - GAME DELAYS

volleyball game - GAME DELAYS

16	GAME DELAYS
16.1	TYPES OF DELAYS 1
	An improper action of a team that defers resumption of the game is a delay and includes, among others:
16.1.1	delaying regular game interruptions;	15.10.2
16.1.2	prolonging interruptions, after having been instructed to resume the game;	15
16.1.3	requesting an illegal substitution;	15.9
16.1.4	repeating an improper request;	15.11.3
16.1.5	delaying the game by a team member.

volleyball game - simultaneously more than one substitution

volleyball game - simultaneously more than one substitution

15.10.4

If a team intends to make simultaneously more than one substitution, all substitute players must enter the substitution zone at the same time to be considered in the same request. In this case, substitutions must be made in succession, one pair of players after another. If one is illegal, the legal one(s) is/are granted and the illegal is rejected and subject to a delay sanction.

1.4.3, 15.2.2

volleyball game - SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE

volleyball game - SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE

115.10	SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE
15.10.1	Substitution must be carried out within the substitution zone.	1.4.3, D1b
15.10.2	A substitution shall only last the time needed for recording the substitution on the score sheet, and allowing entry and exit of the players.	15.10, 24.2.6, 25.2.2.3
15.10.3a	The actual request for substitution starts at the moment of the entrance of the substitute player(s) into the substitution zone, ready to play, during an interruption. The coach does not need to make a substitution hand signal except if the substitution is for injury or before the start of the set.
15.10.3b	If the player is not ready, the substitution is not granted and the team is sanctioned for a delay.	16.2, D9
15.10.3c	The request for substitution is acknowledged and announced by the scorer or 2nd referee, by use of the buzzer or whistle respectively. The 2nd referee authorises the substitution.	24.2.6
	For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, numbered paddles are used to facilitate the substitution.

volleyball game - SUBSTITUTION FOR EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION

volleyball game - SUBSTITUTION FOR EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION

An exceptional substitution cannot be counted in any case as a regular substitution,
but should be recorded on the score sheet as part of the total of substitutions in the set and the match.

115.8	SUBSTITUTION FOR EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION
	An EXPELLED or DISQUALIFIED player must be substituted immediately through a legal substitution. If this is not possible, the team is declared INCOMPLETE.	6.4.3, 7.3.1, 15.6, 21.3.2, 21.3.3, D11 (5)
115.9	ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION
15.9.1	A substitution is illegal, if it exceeds the limitations indicated in Rule 15.6 (except the case of Rule 15.7), or an unregistered player is involved.
15.9.2	When a team has made an illegal substitution and the play has been resumed the following procedure shall apply, in sequence:	8.1, 15.6
15.9.2.1	the team is penalized with a point and service to the opponent,	6.1.3
15.9.2.2	the substitution must be rectified,
15.9.2.3	the points scored by the team at fault since the fault was committed are cancelled; the opponent's points remain valid.

volleyball game - Player EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTION

volleyball game - Player EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTION

115.7	EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTION
	A player (except the Libero) who cannot continue playing due to injury or illness, should be substituted legally. If this is not possible, the team is entitled to make an EXCEPTIONAL substitution, beyond the limits of Rule 15.6	15.6, 19.4.3
	An exceptional substitution means that any player who is not on the court at the time of the injury/illness, except the Libero, second Libero or their regular replacement player, may be substituted into the game for the injured/ill player. The substituted injured/ill player is not allowed to re-enter the match.

volleyball game - Player SUBSTITUTION

volleyball game - Player SUBSTITUTION

15.5	SUBSTITUTION
15.5.1	A substitution is the act by which a player, other than the Libero or his/ her replacement player, after being recorded by the scorer, enters the game to occupy the position of another player, who must leave the court at that moment.	19.3.2.1, D11 (5)
15.5.2	When the substitution is enforced through injury to a player in play this may be accompanied by the coach (or game captain) showing the corresponding hand signal.	5.1.2.3, 5.2.3.3, 8.2, 12.3, D11 (5)
15.6	LIMITATION OF SUBSTITUTIONS
15.6.1	A player of the starting line-up may leave the game, but only once in a set, and re-enter, but only once in a set, and only to his/her previous position in the line-up.	7.3.1
15.6.2	A substitute player may enter the game in place of a player of the starting line-up, but only once per set, and he/she can only be substituted by the same starting player.	7.3.1

volleyball game - buzzer and hand signal to request time-out

volleyball game - buzzer and hand signal to request time-out

	For FIVB, World and Official Competitions it is obligatory to use the buzzer and then the hand signal to request time-out.	D11 (4)
15.4.2	For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, in sets 1-4, two additional 60-second “Technical Time-Outs" are applied automatically when the leading team reaches the 8th and 16th point.	26.2.2.3
15.4.3	In the deciding (5th) set, there are no “Technical Time- Outs"; only two time-outs of 30 seconds duration may be requested by each team.	15.1
15.4.4	During all time-outs, the players in play must go to the free zone near their bench.	D1a

volleyball game - REQUEST FOR REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS

volleyball game - REQUEST FOR REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS

15.3	REQUEST FOR REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS
15.3.1	Regular game interruptions may be requested by the coach, or in the absence of the coach, by the game captain, and only by them.	5.1.2, 5.2, 5.3.2, 15
15.3.2	Substitution before the start of a set is permitted, and should be recorded as a regular substitution in that set.	7.3.4
115.4	TIME-OUTS AND TECHNICAL TIME-OUTS
15.4.1	Time-out requests must be made by showing the corresponding hand signal, when the ball is out of play and before the whistle for service. All requested time-outs last for 30 seconds.	6.1.3, 8.2, 12.3, D11 (4)

volleyball game - INTERRUPTIONS rules

volleyball game - INTERRUPTIONS rules

CHAPTER 5
INTERRUPTIONS, DELAYS AND INTERVALS

		See Rules
115	INTERRUPTIONS
	An interruption is the time between one completed rally and the 1st referee's whistle for the next service.	6.1.3,8.1, 8.2, 15.4, 15.5, 24.2.6
	The only regular game interruptions are TIME-OUTS and SUBSTITUTIONS.
115.1	NUMBER OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS
	Each team may request a maximum of two time-outs and six substitutions per set.	6.2, 15.4, 15.5
115.2	SEQUENCE OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS
15.2.1	Request for one or two time-outs, and one request for substitution by either team may follow one another, within the same interruption.	15.4, 15.5
15.2.2	However, a team is not authorized to make consecutive requests for substitution during the same interruption. Two or more players may be substituted at the same time within the same request.	15.5, 15.6.1
15.2.3	There must be a completed rally between two separate substitution requests by the same team.	6.1.3, 15.5

volleyball game - BLOCKING THE SERVICE

volleyball game - BLOCKING THE SERVICE

14.5	BLOCKING THE SERVICE	12, D11 (12)
	To block an opponent's service is forbidden.
14.6	BLOCKING FAULTS	D11 (20)
14.6.1	The blocker touches the ball in the OPPONENT’S space either before or simultaneously with the opponent’s attack hit.	14.3
14.6.2	A back-row player or a Libero completes a block or participates in a completed block.	14.1, 14.5, 19.3.1.3
14.6.3	Blocking the opponent’s service.	14.5, D11 (12)
14.6.4	The ball is sent "out" off the block.	8.4
14.6.5	Blocking the ball in the opponent’s space from outside the antenna.
14.6.6	A Libero attempts an individual or collective block.	14.1.1, 19.3.1.3

volleyball game - BLOCK CONTACT BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT'S SPACE

volleyball game - BLOCK CONTACT BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT'S SPACE

14.2	BLOCK CONTACT
	Consecutive (quick and continuous) contacts with the ball may occur by one or more blockers, provided that the contacts are made during one action.	9.1.1, 9.2.3
14.3	BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT'S SPACE
	In blocking, the player may place his/her hands and arms beyond the net, provided that this action does not interfere with the opponent's play. Thus, it is not permitted to touch the ball beyond the net until an opponent has executed an attack hit.	13.1.1
14.4	BLOCK AND TEAM HITS
14.4.1	A block contact is not counted as a team hit. Consequently, after a block contact, a team is entitled to three hits to return the ball.	9.1, 14.4.2
14.4.2	The first hit after the block may be executed by any player, including the one who has touched the ball during the block.	14.4.1

COMPLETED BLOCK
Relevant Rule: 14.1.3

volleyball game - BLOCK Blocking the ball

volleyball game - BLOCK Blocking the ball

14	BLOCK
14.1	BLOCKING
14.1.1	Blocking is the action of players close to the net to intercept the ball coming from the opponent by reaching higher than the top of the net, regardless of the height of the ball contact. Only front-row players are permitted to complete a block, but at the moment of the contact with the ball, a part of the body must be higher than the top of the net.	7.4.1.1
14.1.2	Block attempt
	A block attempt is the action of blocking without touching the ball.
14.1.3	Completed block
	A block is completed whenever the ball is touched by a blocker.	D7
14.1.4	Collective block
	A collective block is executed by two or three players close to each other and is completed when one of them touches the ball.

COMPLETED BLOCK
Relevant Rule: 14.1.3

volleyball game - FAULTS OF THE ATTACK HIT

volleyball game - FAULTS OF THE ATTACK HIT

113.3	FAULTS OF THE ATTACK HIT
13.3.1	A player hits the ball within the playing space of the opposing team.	13.2.1, D11 (20)
13.3.2	A player hits the ball "out".	8.4, D11 (15)
13.3.3	A back-row player completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of the hit the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net.	1.4.1, 7.4.1.2, 13.2.3, D11 (21)
13.3.4	A player completes an attack hit on the opponent's service, when the ball is in the front zone and entirely higher than the top of the net.	1.4.1, 13.2.4, D11 (21)
13.3.5	A Libero completes an attack hit if at the moment of the hit the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net.	19.3.1.2, 23.3.2.3d, D11 (21)
13.3.6	A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the ball is coming from an overhand finger pass by a Libero in his/ her front zone.	1.4.1, 19.3.1.4, 23.3.2.3e, D11 (21)

volleyball game - RESTRICTIONS OF THE ATTACK HIT

volleyball game - RESTRICTIONS OF THE ATTACK HIT

13.2	RESTRICTIONS OF THE ATTACK HIT
13.2.1	A front-row player may complete an attack hit at any height, provided that the contact with the ball has been made within the player's own playing space (except Rules 13.2.4 and 13.3.6).	7.4.1.1
13.2.2	A back-row player may complete an attack hit at any height from behind the front zone:	1.4.1, 7.4.1.2, 19.3.1.2, D8
13.2.2.1	at his/her take-off, the player's foot (feet) must neither have touched nor crossed over the attack line;	1.3.4
13.2.2.2	after his/her hit, the player may land within the front zone.	1.4.1

	PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
13.2.3	A back-row player may also complete an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of the contact a part of the ball is lower than the top of the net.	1.4.1, 7.4.1.2, D8
13.2.4	No player is permitted to complete an attack hit on the OPPONENT'S service, when the ball is in the front zone and entirely higher than the top of the net.	1.4.1

BACK ROW PLAYER'S ATTACK Relevant Rules: 13.2.2, 13.2.3, 23.3.2.3d, 24.3.2.4

volleyball game - CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT

volleyball game - CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT

13	ATTACK HIT
13.1	CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT	12, 14.1.1
13.1.1	All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent, with the exception of service and block, are considered as attack hits.
13.1.2	During an attack hit, tipping is permitted only if the ball is cleanly hit, and not caught or thrown.	9.2.2
13.1.3	An attack hit is completed at the moment the ball completely crosses the vertical plane of the net or is touched by an opponent.

volleyball game - CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT

volleyball game - CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT

13	ATTACK HIT
13.1	CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT	12, 14.1.1
13.1.1	All actions which direct the ball towards the opponent, with the exception of service and block, are considered as attack hits.
13.1.2	During an attack hit, tipping is permitted only if the ball is cleanly hit, and not caught or thrown.	9.2.2
13.1.3	An attack hit is completed at the moment the ball completely crosses the vertical plane of the net or is touched by an opponent.

volleyball game - SERVING FAULTS AND POSITIONAL FAULTS

volleyball game - SERVING FAULTS AND POSITIONAL FAULTS

12.7	SERVING FAULTS AND POSITIONAL FAULTS
12.7.1	If the server makes a fault at the moment of the service hit (improper execution, wrong rotational order, etc.) and the opponent is out of position, it is the serving fault which is sanctioned.	7.5.1, 7.5.2, 12.6.1
12.7.2	Instead, if the execution of the service has been correct, but the service subsequently becomes faulty (goes out, goes over a screen, etc.), the positional fault has taken place first and is sanctioned.	7.5.3, 12.6.2

volleyball game - violates the service order

volleyball game - violates the service order

12.6.1.1	violates the service order,	12.2
12.6.1.2	does not execute the service properly.	12.4
12.6.2	Faults after the service hit.
	After the ball has been correctly hit, the service becomes a fault (unless a player is out of position) if the ball:	12.4, 12.7.2
12.6.2.1	touches a player of the serving team or fails to cross the vertical plane of the net completely through the crossing space;	8.4.4, 8.4.5, 10.1.1, D11 (19)
12.6.2.2	goes "out";	8.4, D11 (15)
12.6.2.3	passes over a screen.	12.5, D11 (12)

volleyball game - FAULTS MADE DURING THE SERVICE

volleyball game - FAULTS MADE DURING THE SERVICE

12.6	FAULTS MADE DURING THE SERVICE
12.6.1	Serving faults.
	The following faults lead to a change of service even if the opponent is out of position. The server:	12.2.2.2, 12.7.1

volleyball game - individual or collective screening

volleyball game - individual or collective screening

112.5	SCREENING	D6, D11 (12)
12.5.1	The players of the serving team must not prevent their opponent, through individual or collective screening, from seeing the server and the flight path of the ball.	12.5.2
12.5.2	A player or a group of players of the serving team make(s) a screen by waving arms, jumping or moving sideways during the execution of the service, or by standing grouped to hide the server and the flight path of the ball.	12.4, D6

COLLECTIVE SCREEN
Relevant Rules: 12.5, 12.5.2, 23.3.2.3a

Black circles = Fault
Open White Circles = Correct

volleyball game - individual or collective screening

volleyball game - individual or collective screening

112.5	SCREENING	D6, D11 (12)
12.5.1	The players of the serving team must not prevent their opponent, through individual or collective screening, from seeing the server and the flight path of the ball.	12.5.2
12.5.2	A player or a group of players of the serving team make(s) a screen by waving arms, jumping or moving sideways during the execution of the service, or by standing grouped to hide the server and the flight path of the ball.	12.4, D6

COLLECTIVE SCREEN
Relevant Rules: 12.5, 12.5.2, 23.3.2.3a

Black circles = Fault
Open White Circles = Correct

volleyball game - AUTHORIZATION OF THE SERVICE

volleyball game - AUTHORIZATION OF THE SERVICE

12.3	AUTHORIZATION OF THE SERVICE
	The 1st referee authorizes the service, after having checked that the two teams are ready to play and that the server is in possession of the ball.	12, D11 (1)
12.4	EXECUTION OF THE SERVICE
12.4.1	The ball shall be hit with one hand or any part of the arm after being tossed or released from the hand(s).
12.4.2	Only one toss or release of the ball is allowed. Dribbling or moving the ball in the hands is permitted.
12.4.3	At the moment of the service hit or take-off for a jump service, the server must not touch the court (the end line included) or the floor outside the service zone.	1.4.2, 27.2.1.4, D11 (22), D12 (4)
	After the hit, he/she may step or land outside the service zone, or inside the court.
12.4.4	The server must hit the ball within 8 seconds after the 1st referee whistles for service.	12.3, D11 (11)
12.4.5	A service executed before the referee's whistle is cancelled and repeated.	12.3

volleyball game - first service in a set

volleyball game - first service in a set

12.2.2	After the first service in a set, the player to serve is determined as follows:	12.1
12.2.2.1	when the serving team wins the rally, the player (or his/her substitute) who served before, serves again;	6.1.3, 15.5
12.2.2.2	when the receiving team wins the rally, it gains the right to serve and rotates before actually serving. The player who moves from the front-right position to the back-right position will serve.	6.1.3, 7.6.2

volleyball game - service

volleyball game - service

12	SERVICE
	The service is the act of putting the ball into play, by the back-right player, placed in the service zone.	1.4.2, 8.1, 12.4.1
IP
12.1.1	The first service of the first set, as well as that of the deciding 5th set is executed by the team determined by the toss.	6.3.2, 7.1
12.1.2	The other sets will be started with the service of the team that did not serve first in the previous set.
12.2	SERVICE ORDER
12.2.1	The players must follow the service order recorded on the line-up sheet.	7.3.1, 7.3.2

volleyball game - PLAYER'S FAULTS AT THE NET

volleyball game - PLAYER'S FAULTS AT THE NET

11.4	PLAYER'S FAULTS AT THE NET
11.4.1	A player touches the ball or an opponent in the opponent's space before or during the opponent’s attack hit.	11.1.1, D11 (20)
11.4.2	A player interferes with the opponent's play while penetrating into the opponent’s space under the net.	11.2.1
11.4.3	A player’s foot (feet) penetrates completely into the opponent's court.	11.2.2.2, D11 (22)
11.4.4	A player interferes with the opponent’s play by (amongst others):
	- touching the top band of the net or the top 80 cm of the antenna during his/her action of playing the ball, or	11.3.1
	- taking support from the net simultaneously with playing the ball, or	D11 (19)
	- creating an advantage over the opponent by touching the net, or
	- making actions which hinder an opponent’s legitimate attempt to play the ball.

volleyball game - CONTACT WITH THE NET

volleyball game - CONTACT WITH THE NET

11.3	CONTACT WITH THE NET
11.3.1	Contact with the net by a player is not a fault, unless it interferes with the play.	11.4.4, 23.3.2.3c, 24.3.2.3, D3
11.3.2	Players may touch the post, ropes, or any other object outside the antennae, including the net itself, provided that it does not interfere with the play.	D3
11.3.3	When the ball is driven into the net, causing it to touch an opponent, no fault is committed.

volleyball game - PENETRATION UNDER THE NET

volleyball game - PENETRATION UNDER THE NET

111.2	PENETRATION UNDER THE NET
11.2.1	It is permitted to penetrate into the opponent's space under the net, provided that this does not interfere with the opponent's play.
11.2.2	Penetration into the opponent's court, beyond the centre line:	1.3.3, 11.2.2.1, D11 (22)
11.2.2.1	to touch the opponent's court with a foot (feet) is permitted, provided that some part of the penetrating foot (feet) remains either in contact with or directly above the centre line;	1.3.3, D11 (22)
11.2.2.2	to touch the opponent's court with any part of the body above the feet is permitted provided that it does not interfere with the opponent's play.	1.3.3, 11.2.2.1, D11 (22)
11.2.3	A player may enter the opponent's court after the ball goes out of play.	8.2
11.2.4	Players may penetrate into the opponent's free zone provided that they do not interfere with the opponent’s play.

volleyball game - The BALL TOUCHING THE NET

volleyball game - The BALL TOUCHING THE NET

11	PLAYER AT THE NET
11.1	REACHING BEYOND THE NET
11.1.1	In blocking, a player may touch the ball beyond the net, provided that he/she does not interfere with the opponent's play before or during the latter's attack hit.	14.1, 14.3
11.1.2	After an attack hit, a player is permitted to pass his/her hand beyond the net, provided that the contact has been made within his/her own playing space.

volleyball game - The BALL TOUCHING THE NET

volleyball game - The BALL TOUCHING THE NET

10.1.3	The ball that is heading towards the opponent's court through the lower space is in play until the moment it has completely crossed the vertical plane of the net.	23.3.2.3f, D5a, D11 (22)
10.2	BALL TOUCHING THE NET
	While crossing the net, the ball may touch it.	10.1.1
10.3	BALL IN THE NET
10.3.1	A ball driven into the net may be recovered within the limits of the three team hits.	9.1
10.3.2	If the ball rips the mesh of the net or tears it down, the rally is cancelled and replayed.

volleyball game - The BALL CROSSING THE NET

volleyball game - The BALL CROSSING THE NET

10	BALL AT THE NET
	BALL CROSSING THE NET
10.1.1	The ball sent to the opponent's court must go over the net within the crossing space. The crossing space is the part of the vertical plane of the net limited as follows:	2.4, 10.2, D5a
10.1.1.1	below, by the top of the net;	2.2
10.1.1.2	at the sides, by the antennae, and their imaginary extension;	2.4
10.1.1.3	above, by the ceiling.
10.1.2	The ball that has crossed the net plane to the opponent's free zone totally or partly through the external space, may be played back within the team hits, provided that:	9.1, D5b
10.1.2.1	the opponent's court is not touched by the player;	11.2.2
10.1.2.2	the ball, when played back, crosses the net plane again totally or partly through the external space on the same side of the court.	11.4.4, D5b
	The opponent team may not prevent such action.

BALL CROSSING THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE NET TO THE OPPONENT FREE ZONE:
Relevant Rules: 10.1.2, 10.1.2.2, 24.3.2.7

Black circles = Fault
Open White Circles = Correct

volleyball game - The BALL CROSSING THE NET

volleyball game - The BALL CROSSING THE NET

10	BALL AT THE NET
	BALL CROSSING THE NET
10.1.1	The ball sent to the opponent's court must go over the net within the crossing space. The crossing space is the part of the vertical plane of the net limited as follows:	2.4, 10.2, D5a
10.1.1.1	below, by the top of the net;	2.2
10.1.1.2	at the sides, by the antennae, and their imaginary extension;	2.4
10.1.1.3	above, by the ceiling.
10.1.2	The ball that has crossed the net plane to the opponent's free zone totally or partly through the external space, may be played back within the team hits, provided that:	9.1, D5b
10.1.2.1	the opponent's court is not touched by the player;	11.2.2
10.1.2.2	the ball, when played back, crosses the net plane again totally or partly through the external space on the same side of the court.	11.4.4, D5b
	The opponent team may not prevent such action.

BALL CROSSING THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE NET TO THE OPPONENT FREE ZONE:
Relevant Rules: 10.1.2, 10.1.2.2, 24.3.2.7

Black circles = Fault
Open White Circles = Correct

volleyball game - The ball may touch various parts of the body

volleyball game - The ball may touch various parts of the body

9.2.3	The ball may touch various parts of the body, provided that the contacts take place simultaneously.
	Exceptions:
9.2.3.1	at blocking, consecutive contacts may be made by one or more player(s), provided that the contacts occur during one action;	14.1.1, 14.2
9.2.3.2	at the first hit of the team (except 9.2.4), the ball may contact various parts of the body consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during one action.	9.1, 14.4.1
9.2.4	It is a fault, during the reception of service, to make a double contact or catch using an overhand finger action.	9.2.3.2
93	FAULTS IN PLAYING THE BALL 1
9.3.1	FOUR HITS: a team hits the ball four times before returning it.	9.1, D11 (18)
9.3.2	ASSISTED HIT: a player takes support from a team-mate or any structure/ object in order to hit the ball within the playing area.	9.1.3
9.3.3	CATCH: the ball is caught and/or thrown; it does not rebound from the hit.	9.2.2, D11 (16)
9.3.4	DOUBLE CONTACT: a player hits the ball twice in succession or the ball contacts various parts of his/her body in succession.	9.2.3, D11 (17)

volleyball game - PLAYING THE BALL

volleyball game - PLAYING THE BALL

9	PLAYING THE BALL
	Each team must play within its own playing area and space
	(except Rule 10.1.2). The ball may, however, be retrieved from beyond the free zone.
9.1	TEAM HITS
	A hit is any contact with the ball by a player in play.	14.4.1
	The team is entitled to a maximum of three hits (in addition to blocking), for returning the ball. If more are used, the team commits the fault of "FOUR HITS".
9.1.1	CONSECUTIVE CONTACTS
	A player may not hit the ball two times consecutively	9.2.3, 14.2, 14.4.2
	(except Rules 9.2.3, 14.2 and 14.4.2).
9.1.2	SIMULTANEOUS CONTACTS
	Two or three players may touch the ball at the same moment.
9.1.2.1	When two (or three) team-mates touch the ball simultaneously, it is counted as two (or three) hits (with the exception of blocking). If they reach for the ball, but only one of them touches it, one hit is counted. A collision of players does not constitute a fault.
9.1.2.2	When two opponents touch the ball simultaneously over the net and the ball remains in play, the team receiving the ball is entitled to another three hits. If such a ball goes "out", it is the fault of the team on the opposite side.
9.1.2.3	If simultaneous hits by two opponents over the net lead to an extended contact with the ball, play continues.	9.1.2.2
9.1.3	ASSISTED HIT
	Within the playing area, a player is not permitted to take support from a team-mate or any structure/object in order to hit the ball.	1
	However, a player who is about to commit a fault (touch the net or cross the centre line, etc.) may be stopped or held back by a team-mate.	1.3.3, 11.4.4
9.2	CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIT_

volleyball game - When the ball is OUT

volleyball game - When the ball is OUT

8.4	BALL “OUT"
	The ball is "out" when:
8.4.1	the part of the ball which contacts the floor is completely outside the boundary lines;	1.3.2, D11 (15), D12 (2)
8.4.2	it touches an object outside the court, the ceiling or a person out of play;	D11 (15), D12 (4)
8.4.3	it touches the antennae, ropes, posts or the net itself outside the side bands;	2.3, D3, D5a, D11 (15), D12 (4)
8.4.4	it crosses the vertical plane of the net either partially or totally outside the crossing space, except in the case of Rule 10.1.2;	2.3, D5a, D5b, D11 (15), D12 (4)
8.4.5	it crosses completely the lower space under the net.	23.3.2.3f, D5a, D11 (22)

BALL CROSSING THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE NET TO THE OPPONENT COURT
Relevant Rules: 2.4, 8.4.3, 8.4.4, 8.4.5, 10.1.1, 10.1.3, 24.3.2.7, 27.2.1.3, 27.2.1.7

Black circles = Fault
Open White Circles = Correct crossing

volleyball game - PLAYING ACTIONS rules

volleyball game - PLAYING ACTIONS rules

CHAPTER 4
PLAYING ACTIONS

		See Rules
8	STATES OF PLAY
8.1	BALL IN PLAY
	The ball is in play from the moment of the hit of the service authorized by the 1st referee.	12, 12.3
18.2	BALL OUT OF PLAY
	The ball is out of play at the moment of the fault which is whistled by one of the referees; in the absence of a fault, at the moment of the whistle.
18.3	BALL "IN"	D11 (14),
	The ball is "in" when it touches the floor of the playing court including the boundary lines.	D12 (1) 1.1, 1.3.2

volleyball game - PLAYING ACTIONS rules

volleyball game - PLAYING ACTIONS rules

CHAPTER 4
PLAYING ACTIONS

		See Rules
8	STATES OF PLAY
8.1	BALL IN PLAY
	The ball is in play from the moment of the hit of the service authorized by the 1st referee.	12, 12.3
18.2	BALL OUT OF PLAY
	The ball is out of play at the moment of the fault which is whistled by one of the referees; in the absence of a fault, at the moment of the whistle.
18.3	BALL "IN"	D11 (14),
	The ball is "in" when it touches the floor of the playing court including the boundary lines.	D12 (1) 1.1, 1.3.2

volleyball game - rotational order

volleyball game - rotational order

	ROTATION
7.6.1	The rotational order is determined by the team's starting line-up and controlled with the service order and players' positions throughout the set.	7.3.1, 7.4.1, 12.2
7.6.2	When the receiving team has gained the right to serve, its players rotate one position clock-wise: the player in position 2 rotates to position 1 to serve, the player in position 1 rotates to position 6, etc.	12.2.2.2
77	ROTATIONAL FAULT	D11 (13)
7.7.1	A rotational fault is committed when the SERVICE is not made according to the rotational order. It leads to the following consequences:	7.6.1, 12
7.7.1.1	the team is sanctioned with a point and service to the opponent;	6.1.3
7.7.1.2	the players' rotational order must be rectified.	7.6.1
7.7.2	Additionally, the scorer should determine the exact moment when the fault was committed, and all points scored subsequently by the team at fault must be cancelled. The opponent's points remain valid.	25.2.2.2
	If that moment cannot be determined, no point(s) cancellation takes place, and a point and service to the opponent is the only sanction.	6.1.3

DIAGRAMS Player Positions
Relevant Rules: 7.4, 7.4.3, 7.5, 23.3.2.3a, 24.3.2.2
Example A:
Determination of the positions between a front-row player and the corresponding back-row player
Example B:
Determination of the positions between players of the same row
C (C) = Centre player R (D) = Right player L (G) = Left player

volleyball game - positional fault

volleyball game - positional fault

^5		D4, D11 (13)
7.5.1	The team commits a positional fault, if any player is not in his/her correct position at the moment the ball is hit by the server. This includes when a player is on court through illegal substitution.	7.3, 7.4, 15.9
7.5.2	If the server commits a serving fault at the moment of the service hit, the server's fault is counted before a positional fault.	12.4, 12.7.1
7.5.3	If the service becomes faulty after the service hit, it is the positional fault that will be counted.	12.7.2
7.5.4	A positional fault leads to the following consequences:
7.5.4.1	the team is sanctioned with a point and service to the opponent;	6.1.3
7.5.4.2	players' positions must be rectified.	7.3, 7.4

DIAGRAMS Player Positions
Relevant Rules: 7.4, 7.4.3, 7.5, 23.3.2.3a, 24.3.2.2
Example A:
Determination of the positions between a front-row player and the corresponding back-row player
Example B:
Determination of the positions between players of the same row
C (C) = Centre player R (D) = Right player L (G) = Left player

volleyball game - positions of the players

volleyball game - positions of the players

7.4	POSITIONS
	At the moment the ball is hit by the server, each team must be positioned within its own court in the rotational order (except the server).	7.6.1, 8.1, 12.4
7.4.1	The positions of the players are numbered as follows:
7.4.1.1	the three players along the net are front-row players and occupy positions 4 (front-left), 3 (front-centre) and 2 (front-right);
7.4.1.2	the other three are back-row players occupying positions 5 (back-left), 6 (back-centre) and 1 (back-right).
7.4.2	Relative positions between players:
7.4.2.1	each back-row player must be positioned further back from the centre line than the corresponding front-row player;
7.4.2.2	the front-row players and the back-row players, respectively, must be positioned laterally in the order indicated in Rule 7.4.1.
7.4.3	The positions of players are determined and controlled according to the positions of their feet contacting the ground as follows:	D4
7.4.3.1	each front-row player must have at least a part of his/her foot closer to the centre line than the feet of the corresponding back-row player;	1.3.3
7.4.3.2	each right (left) side player must have at least a part of his/her foot closer to the right (left) sideline than the feet of the centre player in that row.	1.3.2
7.4.4	After the service hit, the players may move around and occupy any position on their court and the free zone.

volleyball game - TEAM STARTING LINE-UP

volleyball game - TEAM STARTING LINE-UP

7.2.3	In the case of consecutive official warm-ups, the team that has the first service takes the first turn at the net.	7.1.2.1, 7.2.2
7.3	TEAM STARTING LINE-UP
7.3.1	There must always be six players per team in play.	6.4.3
	The team's starting line-up indicates the rotational order of the players on the court. This order must be maintained throughout the set.	7.6
7.3.2	Before the start of each set, the coach has to present the starting line-up of his/her team on a line-up sheet. The sheet is submitted, duly filled in and signed, to the 2nd referee or the scorer.	5.2.3.1, 24.3.1, 25.2.1.2
7.3.3	The players who are not in the starting line-up of a set are the substitutes for that set (except the Liberos).	7.3.2, 15.5
7.3.4	Once the line-up sheet has been delivered to the 2nd referee or scorer, no change in the line-up may be authorized without a regular substitution.	15.2.2, 15.5, D11 (5)
7.3.5	Discrepancies between players' position on court and on the line-up sheet are dealt with as follows:	24.3.1
7.3.5.1	when such a discrepancy is discovered before the start of the set, players' positions must be rectified according to those on the line-up sheet - there will be no sanction;	7.3.2
7.3.5.2	when, before the start of the set, any player on court is found not to be registered on the line-up sheet of that set, this player must be changed to conform to the line-up sheet - there will be no sanction;	7.3.2
7.3.5.3	however, if the coach wishes to keep such non-recorded player(s) on the court, he/she has to request regular substitution(s), by use of the corresponding hand signal, which will then be recorded on the score sheet.	15.2.2, D11 (5)
	If a discrepancy between players' positions and the line-up sheet is discovered later, the team at fault must revert to the correct positions. The opponent's points remain valid and in addition they receive a point and the next service. All points scored by the team at fault from the exact moment of the fault up to the discovery of the fault are cancelled.
7.3.5.4	Where a player is found to be on court but he/she is not registered on the score sheet list of players, the opponent's points remain valid, and in addition they gain a point and service. The team at fault will lose all points and/or sets (0:25, if necessary) gained from the moment the nonregistered player entered the court, and will have to submit a revised line-up sheet and send a new registered player into the court, in the position of the non-registered player.	6.1.2, 7.3.2

volleyball game - TEAM STARTING LINE-UP

volleyball game - TEAM STARTING LINE-UP

7.2.3	In the case of consecutive official warm-ups, the team that has the first service takes the first turn at the net.	7.1.2.1, 7.2.2
7.3	TEAM STARTING LINE-UP
7.3.1	There must always be six players per team in play.	6.4.3
	The team's starting line-up indicates the rotational order of the players on the court. This order must be maintained throughout the set.	7.6
7.3.2	Before the start of each set, the coach has to present the starting line-up of his/her team on a line-up sheet. The sheet is submitted, duly filled in and signed, to the 2nd referee or the scorer.	5.2.3.1, 24.3.1, 25.2.1.2
7.3.3	The players who are not in the starting line-up of a set are the substitutes for that set (except the Liberos).	7.3.2, 15.5
7.3.4	Once the line-up sheet has been delivered to the 2nd referee or scorer, no change in the line-up may be authorized without a regular substitution.	15.2.2, 15.5, D11 (5)
7.3.5	Discrepancies between players' position on court and on the line-up sheet are dealt with as follows:	24.3.1
7.3.5.1	when such a discrepancy is discovered before the start of the set, players' positions must be rectified according to those on the line-up sheet - there will be no sanction;	7.3.2
7.3.5.2	when, before the start of the set, any player on court is found not to be registered on the line-up sheet of that set, this player must be changed to conform to the line-up sheet - there will be no sanction;	7.3.2
7.3.5.3	however, if the coach wishes to keep such non-recorded player(s) on the court, he/she has to request regular substitution(s), by use of the corresponding hand signal, which will then be recorded on the score sheet.	15.2.2, D11 (5)
	If a discrepancy between players' positions and the line-up sheet is discovered later, the team at fault must revert to the correct positions. The opponent's points remain valid and in addition they receive a point and the next service. All points scored by the team at fault from the exact moment of the fault up to the discovery of the fault are cancelled.
7.3.5.4	Where a player is found to be on court but he/she is not registered on the score sheet list of players, the opponent's points remain valid, and in addition they gain a point and service. The team at fault will lose all points and/or sets (0:25, if necessary) gained from the moment the nonregistered player entered the court, and will have to submit a revised line-up sheet and send a new registered player into the court, in the position of the non-registered player.	6.1.2, 7.3.2

volleyball game - OFFICIAL WARM-UP SESSION

volleyball game - OFFICIAL WARM-UP SESSION

7.2	OFFICIAL WARM-UP SESSION
7.2.1	Prior to the match, if the teams have previously had a playing court at their disposal, they are entitled to a 6-minute official warm-up period together at the net; if not, they may have 10 minutes.
7.2.2	If either captain requests separate (consecutive) official warm-ups at the net, the teams are allowed 3 minutes each or 5 minutes each.	7.2.1

volleyball game - STRUCTURE OF PLAY - THE TOSS

volleyball game - STRUCTURE OF PLAY - THE TOSS

7	STRUCTURE OF PLAY
7.1	THE TOSS
	Before the match, the 1st referee carries out a toss to decide upon the first service and the sides of the court in the first set.	12.1.1
	If a deciding set is to be played, a new toss will be carried out.	6.3.2
7.1.1	The toss is taken in the presence of the two team captains.	5.1
7.1.2	The winner of the toss chooses: EITHER
7.1.2.1	the right to serve or to receive the service, OR	12.1.1
7.1.2.2	the side of the court. The loser takes the remaining choice.

volleyball game - TO WIN THE MATCH

volleyball game - TO WIN THE MATCH

63	TO WIN THE MATCH	D11 (9)
6.3.1	The match is won by the team that wins three sets.	6.2
6.3.2	In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding 5th set is played to 15 points with a minimum lead of 2 points.	7.1
6.4	DEFAULT AND INCOMPLETE TEAM
6.4.1	If a team refuses to play after being summoned to do so, it is declared in default and forfeits the match with the result 0-3 for the match and 0-25 for each set.	6.2, 6.3
6.4.2	A team that, without justifiable reason, does not appear on the playing court on time is declared in default with the same result as in Rule 6.4.1.
6.4.3	A team that is declared INCOMPLETE for the set or for the match, loses the set or the match. The opponent team is given the points, or the points and the sets, needed to win the set or the match. The incomplete team keeps its points and sets.	6.2, 6.3, 7.3.1

volleyball game - TO WIN A SET

volleyball game - TO WIN A SET

6.2	TO WIN A SET	D11 (9)
	A set (except the deciding 5th set) is won by the team which first scores 25 points with a minimum lead of two points. In the case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two-point lead is achieved (26-24; 27-25; ...).	6.3.2

volleyball game - TO WIN A SET

volleyball game - TO WIN A SET

6.2	TO WIN A SET	D11 (9)
	A set (except the deciding 5th set) is won by the team which first scores 25 points with a minimum lead of two points. In the case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two-point lead is achieved (26-24; 27-25; ...).	6.3.2

volleyball game - playing format - To Score a point

volleyball game - playing format - To Score a point

CHAPTER 3
playing format
6 To Score a point, to win a set and the match

		See Rules
6.1	TO SCORE A POINT
6.1.1	Point A team scores a point:
6.1.1.1	by successfully grounding the ball on the opponent's court;	8.3, 10.1.1
6.1.1.2	when the opponent team commits a fault;	6.1.2
6.1.1.3	when the opponent team receives a penalty.	16.2.3, 21.3.1
6.1.2	Fault A team commits a fault by making a playing action contrary to the rules (or by violating them in some other way). The referees judge the faults and determine the consequences according to the rules:
6.1.2.1	if two or more faults are committed successively, only the first one is counted;
6.1.2.2	if two or more faults are committed by opponents simultaneously, a DOUBLE FAULT is called and the rally is replayed.	6.1.2, D11 (23)
6.1.3	Rally and completed rally A rally is the sequence of playing actions from the moment of the service hit by the server until the ball is out of play. A completed rally is the sequence of playing actions which results in the award of a point.	8.1, 8.2, 12.2.2.1, 15.2.3, 15.11.1.3, 19.3.2.1, 19.3.2.9
6.1.3.1	If the serving team wins a rally, it scores a point and continues to serve.
6.1.3.2	If the receiving team wins a rally, it scores a point and it must serve next.

volleyball game - ASSISTANT COACH

volleyball game - ASSISTANT COACH

5.3	ASSISTANT COACH I
5.3.1	The assistant coach sits on the team bench, but has no right to intervene in the match.
5.3.2	Should the coach have to leave his/her team for any reason including sanction, but excluding entering the court as a player, an assistant coach may assume the coach's functions for the duration of the absence, once confirmed to the referee by the game captain.	5.1.2, 5.2

volleyball game - TEAM COACH

volleyball game - TEAM COACH

52	COACH
5.2.1	Throughout the match, the coach conducts the play of his/her team from outside the playing court. He/she selects the starting line-ups, the substitutes, and takes time-outs. In these functions his/her contacting official is the 2nd referee.		1.1, 7.3.2, 15.4.1, 15.5.2
5.2.2	PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the coach records or checks the names and numbers of his/her players on the score sheet, and then signs it.		4.1, 19.1.3, 25.2.1.1
5.2.3	DURING THE MATCH, the coach:
5.2.3.1	prior to each set, gives the 2nd referee or the scorer the line-up sheet(s) duly filled in and signed;		7.3.2, 7.4, 7.6
5.2.3.2	sits on the team bench nearest to the scorer, but may leave it;		4.2
5.2.3.3	requests time-outs and substitutions;		15.4, 15.5
5.2.3.4	may, as well as other team members, give instructions to the players on the court. The coach may give these instructions while standing or walking within the free zone in front of his/her team's bench from the extension of the attack line up to the warm-up area, without disturbing or delaying the match.		1.3.4, 1.4.5, D2
	For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the coach is restricted to performing his/her function behind the coach's restriction line.		D1a, D1b, D2

volleyball game - TEAM CAPTAIN

volleyball game - TEAM CAPTAIN

5.1	CAPTAIN
5.1.1	PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the team captain signs the score sheet and represents his/her team in the toss.	7.1, 25.2.1.1
5.1.2	DURING THE MATCH and while on the court, the team captain is the game captain. When the team captain is not on the court, the coach or the team captain must assign another player on the court, but not the Libero, to assume the role of game captain. This game captain maintains his/her responsibilities until he/she is substituted, or the team captain returns to play, or the set ends.	15.2.1
	When the ball is out of play, only the game captain is authorized to speak to the referees:	8.2
5.1.2.1	to ask for an explanation on the application or interpretation of the Rules, and also to submit the requests or questions of his/her teammates. If the game captain does not agree with the explanation of the 1st referee, he/she may choose to protest against such decision and immediately indicates to the 1st referee that he/she reserves the right to record an official protest on the score sheet at the end of the match;	23.2.4
5.1.2.2	to ask authorization: a) to change all or part of the equipment, b) to verify the positions of the teams, c) to check the floor, the net, the ball, etc.;	4.3, 4.4.2 7.4, 7.6 1.2, 2, 3
5.1.2.3	in the absence of the coach to request time-outs and substitutions.	15.3.1, 15.4.1, 15.5.2
5.1.3	AT THE END OF THE MATCH, the team captain:	6.3
5.1.3.1	thanks the referees and signs the score sheet to ratify the result;	25.2.3.3
5.1.3.2	may, when it has been notified in due time to the 1st referee, confirm and record on the score sheet an official protest regarding the referee's application or interpretation of the rules.	5.1.2.1, 25.2.3.2

volleyball game - TEAM LEADERS

volleyball game - TEAM LEADERS

	TEAM LEADERS
	Both the team captain and the coach are responsible for the conduct and discipline of their team members.	20
	The Liberos cannot be either team or game captain.

volleyball game - FORBIDDEN OBJECTS I

volleyball game - FORBIDDEN OBJECTS I

4.5	FORBIDDEN OBJECTS I
4.5.1	It is forbidden to wear objects which may cause injury or give an artificial advantage to the player.
4.5.2	Players may wear glasses or lenses at their own risk.

volleyball game - CHANGE OF EQUIPMENT

volleyball game - CHANGE OF EQUIPMENT

14.4	CHANGE OF EQUIPMENT
	The 1st referee may authorize one or more players:	23
4.4.1	to play barefoot;
4.4.2	to change wet or damaged uniforms between sets or after substitution, provided that the colour, design and number of the new uniform(s) are the same;	4.3, 15.5
4.4.3	to play in training suits in cold weather, provided that they are of the same colour and design for the whole team (except for the Liberos) and numbered according to Rule 4.3.3.	4.1.1, 19.2

volleyball game - player's equipment

volleyball game - player's equipment

4.3	EQUIPMENT
	A player's equipment consists of a jersey, shorts, socks (the uniform) and sport shoes.
4.3.1	The colour and the design for the jerseys, shorts and socks must be uniform for the team (except for the Libero). The uniforms must be clean.	4.1, 19.2
4.3.2	The shoes must be light and pliable with rubber or composite soles without heels.
4.3.3	Players' jerseys must be numbered from 1 to 20.	4.33.2
4.3.3.1	The number must be placed on the jersey at the centre of the front and of the back. The colour and brightness of the numbers must contrast with the colour and brightness of the jerseys.
4.3.3.2	The number must be a minimum of 15 cm in height on the chest, and a minimum of 20 cm in height on the back. The stripe forming the numbers shall be a minimum of 2 cm in width.
4.3.4	The team captain must have on his/her jersey a stripe of 8 x 2 cm underlining the number on the chest.	5.1
4.3.5	It is forbidden to wear uniforms of a colour different from that of the other players (except for the Liberos), and/or without official numbers.	19.2

volleyball game - LOCATION OF THE TEAM

volleyball game - LOCATION OF THE TEAM

	LOCATION OF THE TEAM
4.2.1	The players not in play should either sit on their team bench or be in their warm-up area. The coach and other team members sit on the bench, but may temporarily leave it.	1.4.5, 5.2.3, 7.3.3
	The benches for the teams are located beside the scorer's table, outside the free zone.	D1a, D1b
4.2.2	Only the team composition members are permitted to sit on the bench during the match and to participate in the official warm-up session.	4.1.1, 7.2
4.2.3	Players not in play may warm-up without balls as follows:
4.2.3.1	during play: in the warm-up areas;	1.4.5, 8.1, D1a, D1b
4.2.3.2	during time-outs and technical time-outs: in the free zone behind their court.	1.3.3, 15.4
4.2.4	During set intervals, players may warm-up using balls within their own free zone.	18.1