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personal computer can not do anything if you do not have a usable operating system - the program that allows the
PC using other programs. But before you run the operating system, the PC needs a way to load it into
random access memory (RAM). This form is known as a bootstrap, or just boot - a small code that is part
Permanent PC. (1)

1. "5 How To Boot Disk," Evolution of Computers , 4 February, 2013, http://evolucao-dos-computadores.f1cf.com.br/

Or:

personal computer can not do anything if you do not have a usable operating system - the program that allows the
PC using other programs. But before you run the operating system, the PC needs a way to load it into
random access memory (RAM). This form is known as a bootstrap, or just boot - a small code that is part
Permanent PC. (Source: "5 How To Boot Disk," Evolution of Computers , February 4, 2013, http://evolucao-dos-computadores.f1cf.com.br/

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FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE VOLLEYBALL

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What is FIVB? FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE VOLLEYBALL

What is FIVB? FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE VOLLEYBALL

This site has been made with the content provided by FIVB
International Volleyball Federation
FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE DE VOLLEYBALL
OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES
2013-2016
Approved by the 33^rd FIVB Congress 2012
Official Volleyball Rules 2013-2016 Published by FIVB in 2012 www.fivb.org

Volleyball Game site distributed topics

Volleyball Game site distributed topics

The topics of this site is distributed as follows:
CONTENTS, 1 PLAYING AREA, 1.1 DIMENSIONS, 1.2 PLAYING SURFACE, 1.3 LINES ON THE COURT, 1.4 ZONES AND AREAS, 1.5 TEMPERATURE, 1.6 LIGHTING, 2 NET AND POSTS , 2.1 HEIGHT OF THE NET, 2.2 STRUCTURE, 2.3 SIDE BANDS, 2.4 ANTENNAE, 2.5 POSTS, 2.6 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT, 3 BALLS, 3.1 STANDARDS , 3.2 UNIFORMITY OF BALLS , 3.3 THREE-BALL SYSTEM, 4 TEAMS, 4.1 TEAM COMPOSITION, 4.2 LOCATION OF THE TEAM, 4.3 EQUIPMENT, 4.4 CHANGE OF EQUIPMENT, 4.5 FORBIDDEN OBJECTS, 5 TEAM LEADERS, 5.1 CAPTAIN, 5.2 COACH, 5.3 ASSISTANT COACH, 6 TO SCORE A POINT, TO WIN A SET AND THE MATCH, 6.1 TO SCORE A POINT, 6.2 TO WIN A SET, 6.3 TO WIN THE MATCH, 6.4 DEFAULT AND INCOMPLETE TEAM, 7 STRUCTURE OF PLAY, 7.1 THE TOSS, 7.2 OFFICIAL WARM-UP SESSION, 7.3 TEAM STARTING LINE-UP, 7.4 POSITIONS, 7.5 POSITIONAL FAULT, 7.6 ROTATION, 7.7 ROTATIONAL FAULT, 8 STATES OF PLAY , 8.1 BALL IN PLAY, 8.2 BALL OUT OF PLAY , 8.3 BALL "IN", 8.4 BALL "OUT", 9 PLAYING THE BALL , 9.1 TEAM HITS, 9.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIT , 9.3 FAULTS IN PLAYING THE BALL, 10 BALL AT THE NET, 10.1 BALL CROSSING THE NET, 10.2 BALL TOUCHING THE NET, 10.3 BALL IN THE NET, 11 PLAYER AT THE NET, 11.1 REACHING BEYOND THE NET, 11.2 PENETRATION UNDER THE NET, 11.3 CONTACT WITH THE NET, 11.4 PLAYER'S FAULTS AT THE NET, 12 SERVICE , 12.1 FIRST SERVICE IN A SET, 12.2 SERVICE ORDER, 12.3 AUTHORIZATION OF THE SERVICE, 12.4 EXECUTION OF THE SERVICE, 12.5 SCREENING, 12.6 FAULTS MADE DURING THE SERVICE, 12.7 SERVING FAULTS AND POSITIONAL FAULTS, 13 ATTACK HIT, 13.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK HIT, 13.2 RESTRICTIONS OF THE ATTACK HIT, 13.3 FAULTS OF THE ATTACK HIT, 14 BLOCK , 14.1 BLOCKING, 14.2 BLOCK CONTACT, 14.3 BLOCKING WITHIN THE OPPONENT'S SPACE, 14.4 BLOCK AND TEAM HITS, 14.5 BLOCKING THE SERVICE, 14.6 BLOCKING FAULTS, 15 INTERRUPTIONS, 15.1 NUMBER OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS, 15.2 SEQUENCE OF REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS, 15.3 REQUEST FOR REGULAR GAME INTERRUPTIONS, 15.4 TIME-OUTS AND TECHNICAL TIME-OUTS, 15.5 SUBSTITUTION, 15.6 LIMITATION OF SUBSTITUTIONS, 15.7 EXCEPTIONAL SUBSTITUTION, 15.8 SUBSTITUTION FOR EXPULSION OR DISQUALIFICATION, 15.9 ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION, 15.10 SUBSTITUTION PROCEDURE, 15.11 IMPROPER REQUESTS, 16 GAME DELAYS, 16.1 TYPES OF DELAYS, 16.2 DELAY SANCTIONS, 17 EXCEPTIONAL GAME INTERRUPTIONS , 17.1 INJURY/ ILLNESS, 17.2 EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE, 17.3 PROLONGED INTERRUPTIONS, 18 INTERVALS AND CHANGE OF COURTS , 18.1 INTERVALS, 18.2 CHANGE OF COURTS, 19 THE LIBERO PLAYER, 19.1 DESIGNATION OF THE LIBERO, 19.2 EQUIPMENT, 19.3 ACTIONS INVOLVING THE LIBERO, 19.4 RE-DESIGNATION OF A NEW LIBERO, 19.5 SUMMARY, 20 REQUIREMENTS OF CONDUCT, 20.1 SPORTSMANLIKE CONDUCT , 20.2 FAIR PLAY, 21 MISCONDUCT AND ITS SANCTIONS, 21.1 MINOR MISCONDUCT, 21.2 MISCONDUCT LEADING TO SANCTIONS, 21.3 SANCTION SCALE, 21.4 APPLICATION OF MISCONDUCT SANCTIONS, 21.5 MISCONDUCT BEFORE AND BETWEEN SETS, 21.6 SUMMARY OF MISCONDUCT AND CARDS USED, 22 REFEREEING CORPS AND PROCEDURES, 22.1 COMPOSITION, 22.2 PROCEDURES, 23 1^st REFEREE, 23.1 LOCATION, 23.2 AUTHORITY, 23.3 RESPONSIBILITIES, 24 2^nd REFEREE, 24.1 LOCATION, 24.2 AUTHORITY, 24.3 RESPONSIBILITIES, 25 SCORER, 25.1 LOCATION, 25.2 RESPONSIBILITIES, 26 ASSISTANT SCORER, 26.1 LOCATION, 26.2 RESPONSIBILITIES, 27 LINE JUDGES, 27.1 LOCATION, 27.2 RESPONSIBILITIES, 28 OFFICIAL SIGNALS, 28.1 REFEREES' HAND SIGNALS, 28.2 LINE JUDGES' FLAG SIGNALS, D1a COMPETITION / CONTROL AREA, D1b THE PLAYING AREA, D2 THE PLAYING COURT , D3 DESIGN OF THE NET, D4 POSITION OF PLAYERS , D5a BALL CROSSING THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE NET TO THE OPPONENT COURT, D5b BALL CROSSING THE VERTICAL PLANE TO THE OPPONENT FREE ZONE, D6 COLLECTIVE SCREEN, D7 COMPLETED BLOCK, D8 BACK ROW PLAYER'S ATTACK, D9 SANCTION SCALES , D10 LOCATION OF THE REFEREEING CORPS AND THEIR ASSISTANTS , D11 REFEREES' OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS , D12 LINE JUDGES' OFFICIAL FLAG SIGNALS

Volleyball Game site topics

Volleyball Game site topics

This site deals with these topics: A, Actions involving the Libero, Additional Equipment, Antennae, Application of misconduct sanctions, Assistant Coach, Attack hit , Authorization of the service, B, Ball at the net, Ball crossing the net , Ball "in", Ball in play , Ball in the net, Ball "out", Ball out of play , Ball touching the net , Balls, Block, Block contact, Blocking, Block and team hits , Blocking faults , Blocking the service, Blocking within the opponent's space, C, Captain , Change of courts, Change of equipment, Characteristics of the attack hit, Characteristics of the hit, Coach, Contact with the net, D, Default and incomplete team, Delay sanctions, Designation of the Libero, Dimensions , E, Equipment , Exceptional game interruption, Exceptional substitution, Execution of the service, External interference, F, Fair play, Faults in playing the ball, Faults made during the service, Faults of the attack hit, First Referee, Authority, Location, First service in a set, Forbidden objects, G, Game delays, Game interruptions , H, Height of the net, I, Illegal substitution, Improper request , Injury / Illness, Interruptions , Intervals, Intervals and change of courts, L, Lighting, Limitation of substitutions, Line judges, Line judges' flag signals, Location, Responsibilities, Lines on the court, Location of the team, M, Minor misconduct, Misconduct and its sanctions, Misconduct before and between sets, Misconduct leading to sanctions, N, Net and posts, Number of regular game interruptions, O, Official signals, Official warm-up session , P, Player's faults at the net, Playing area, Playing surface, Playing the ball, Positions, Positional fault, Posts, Prolonged interruptions , R, Reaching beyond the net, Refereeing corps , Procedures, Responsibilities, Referees' hand signals, Request for regular game interruptions, Requirements of conduct, Restrictions of the attack hit, Rotation, Rotational fault , S, Sanction cards, Sanction scales, Scorer, Location, Responsibilities, Screening, Second Referee, Authority, Location, Responsibilities, Service, Service order, Sequence of regular game interruptions, Serving faults and positional faults, Side bands, Sportsmanlike conduct, Standards, States of play, Structure , Structure of play, Substitution , Substitution for expulsion or disqualification , 37 Substitution procedure, T, Teams, Team composition, Team leaders , Team hits , Team starting line-up, Temperature, The Libero Player, The toss , Three-ball system, Time-out and Technical Time-out, To score a point, To score a point, win a set and the match, To win a set, To win the match, Types of delays, U, Uniformity of balls, Z, Zones and areas, , , FIVB, FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE VOLLEYBALL, OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES, 2013-, Approved by the 33^rd FIVB Congress , To be implemented in all competitions from 1^st January 2013 and in all competitions which are completed in ,

Volleyball Game Glossary

Volleyball Game Glossary

PART 3, DEFINITIONS
COMPETITION/ CONTROL AREA
The Competition / Control Area is a corridor around the playing court and free zone, which includes all spaces up to the outer barriers or delimitation fence. See diagram/fig 1a.
ZONES
These are sections within the playing area (i.e. playing court and free zone) as defined for a specific purpose (or with special restrictions) within the rule text. These include: Front Zone, Service Zone, Substitution Zone, Free Zone, Back Zone, and Libero Replacement Zone.
AREAS
These are sections of the floor OUTSIDE the free zone, identified by the rules as having a specific function. These include: warm-up area and penalty area.
LOWER SPACE
This is the space defined at its upper part by the bottom of the net and the cord joining it to the posts, at the sides by the posts, and the bottom by the playing surface.
CROSSING SPACE
The crossing space is defined by:
- The horizontal band at the top of the net
- The antennae and their extension
- The ceiling
The ball must cross to the opponent's COURT through the crossing space.
EXTERNAL SPACE
The external space is in the vertical plane of the net outside of the crossing and lower spaces.
SUBSTITUTION ZONE
This is the part of the free zone through which substitutions are carried out.
UNLESS BY AGREEMENT OF FIVB
This statement recognizes that while there are regulations on the standards and specification of equipment and facilities, there are occasions when special arrangements can be made by FIVB in order to promote the game of Volleyball or to test new conditions.
FIVB STANDARDS
The technical specifications or limits as defined by FIVB to the manufacturers of equipment.
PENALTY AREA
In each half of the competition/control area, there is a Penalty Area located behind the prolongation of the end line, outside the free zone, which should be placed a minimum of 1.5 metres behind the rear edge of the bench.
FAULT
a) A playing action contrary to the rules.
b) A rule violation other than a playing action.
DRIBBLING
Dribbling means bouncing the ball (usually as a preparation to tossing and serving). Other preparatory actions could include (amongst others) moving the ball from hand to hand.
TECHNICAL TIME-OUT
This special mandatory time-out is, in addition to time-outs, to allow the promotion of Volleyball, analysis of the play and to allow additional commercial opportunities. Technical Time-Outs are mandatory for FIVB, World and Official competitions.
BALL RETRIEVERS
These are personnel whose job it is to maintain the flow of the game by rolling the ball to the server between rallies.
RALLY POINT
This is the system of scoring a point whenever a rally is won.
INTERVAL
The time between sets. The change of courts in the 5^th (deciding) set is not to be regarded as an interval.
RE-DESIGNATION
This is the act by which a Libero, who cannot continue or is declared by the team "unable to play", has his/her role taken by any other player (except the regular replacement player) not on the court at the moment of the re-designation.
REPLACEMENT
This is the act by which a regular player leaves the court and either Libero (if more than one) takes his/her place. This can even include Libero for Libero exchanges. The regular player can then replace either Libero. There must be a completed rally between replacements involving any Libero.
INTERFERING
Any action which will create an advantage against the opponent team or any action which prevents an opponent from playing the ball.
OUTSIDE OBJECT
An object or a person which while outside the playing court or close to the limit of the free playing space provides an obstruction to the flight of the ball. For example: overhead lights, the referee's chair, TV equipment, scorer's table, and net posts. Outside objects do not include the antennae since they are considered as the part of the net.
SUBSTITUTION
This is the act by which one regular player leaves the court and another regular player takes his/ her place.

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - JUDGEMENT IMPOSSIBLE

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - JUDGEMENT IMPOSSIBLE

5 JUDGEMENT IMPOSSIBLE
Raise and cross both arms and hands in front of the chest

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - CROSSING SPACE FAULTS

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - CROSSING SPACE FAULTS

4 CROSSING SPACE FAULTS, BALL TOUCHED AN OUTSIDE OBJECT, OR FOOT FAULT BY ANY PLAYER DURING SERVICE
Relevant Rules: 8.4.2, 8.4.3, 8.4.4, 12.4.3, 27.2.1.3, 27.2.1.4, 27.2.1.6, 27.2.1.7
Wave flag over the head and point to the antenna or the respective line

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - Ball TOUCHED

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - Ball TOUCHED

3 BALL TOUCHED
Relevant Rule: 27.2.1.2
Raise flag and touch the top with the palm of the free hand

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - Ball OUT

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - Ball OUT

2 BALL“OUT"
Relevant Rules: 8.4.1, 27.2.1.1
Raise flag vertically

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - Ball IN

volleyball game - LINE JUDGES FLAG SIGNALS - Ball IN

DIAGRAM 12: LINE JUDGES' OFFICIAL FLAG SIGNALS
1 BALL “IN"


Relevant Rule: 8.3, 27.2.1.1
Point down with flag

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DELAY WARNING

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DELAY WARNING

25 DELAY WARNING / DELAY PENALTY

Relevant Rules: 15.11.3, 16.2.2, 16.2.3, 23.3.2.2
Cover the wrist with a yellow card (warning) and with a red card (penalty)

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - BALL TOUCHED

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - BALL TOUCHED

24 BALL TOUCHED
Relevant Rules: 23.3.2.3b, 24.2.2

Brush with the palm of one hand the fingers of the other, held vertically

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DOUBLE FAULT AND REPLAY

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DOUBLE FAULT AND REPLAY

23 DOUBLE FAULT AND REPLAY
Relevant Rules: 6.1.2.2, 17.2, 22.2.3.4

Raise both thumbs vertically

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - PENETRATION OPPONENT COURT

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - PENETRATION OPPONENT COURT

22 PENETRATION INTO THE OPPONENT COURT
BALL CROSSING THE LOWER SPACE OR
THE SERVER TOUCHES THE COURT (END LINE) OR
THE PLAYER STEPS OUTSIDE HIS/HER COURT AT THE MOMENT OF THE SERVICE HIT

Relevant Rules: 8.4.5, 11.2.2, 12.4.3, 23.3.2.3a, f, 24.3.2.1
Point to the center line or to the relevant line

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - ATTACK HIT FAULT

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - ATTACK HIT FAULT

21 ATTACK HIT FAULT

Relevant Rules:
- by a back-row player, by a libero or on the opponent's service:
13.3.3, 13.3.4, 13.3.5, 23.3.2.3d, e, 24.3.2.4
- on an overhand finger pass by the libero in his/her front zone or its extension:
13.3.6
Make a downward motion with the forearm, hand open

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - REACHING BEYOND THE NET

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - REACHING BEYOND THE NET

20 REACHING BEYOND THE NET
Relevant Rules: 11.4.1, 13.3.1, 14.3, 14.6.1, 23.3.2.3c

Place a hand above the net, palm facing downwards

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - NET TOUCHED BY PLAYER

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - NET TOUCHED BY PLAYER

19 NET TOUCHED BY PLAYER - SERVED BALL FAILS TO PASS TO THE OPPONENT THROUGH CROSSING SPACE
Relevant Rules: 11.4.4, 12.6.2.1

Indicate the relevant side of the net with the corresponding hand

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - FOUR HITS

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - FOUR HITS

18 FOUR HITS

Relevant Rules: 9.3.1, 23.3.2.3b
Raise four fingers, spread open

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DOUBLE CONTACT

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DOUBLE CONTACT

17 DOUBLE CONTACT

Relevant Rules: 9.3.4, 23.3.2.3b
Raise two fingers, spread open

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - CATCH

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - CATCH

16 CATCH Relevant Rules: 9.2.2, 9.3.3, 23.3.2.3b
Slowly lift the forearm, palm of the hand facing upwards

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - Ball Out

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - Ball Out

15 BALL“OUT"
Relevant Rules: 8.4.1, 8.4.2, 8.4.3, 8.4.4, 24.3.2.5, 24.3.2.7

Raise the forearms vertically, hands open, palms towards the body

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - Ball IN

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - Ball IN

14 BALL “IN"
Relevant Rule: 8.3

Point the arm and fingers toward the floor

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - POSITIONAL FAULT

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - POSITIONAL FAULT

13 POSITIONAL OR ROTATIONAL FAULT
Relevant Rules: 7.5, 7.7, 23.3.2.3a, 24.3.2.2

Make a circular motion with the forefinger

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - BLOCKING FAULT OR SCREENING

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - BLOCKING FAULT OR SCREENING

12 BLOCKING FAULT OR SCREENING
Relevant Rules: 12.5, 12.6.2.3, 14.6.3, 19.3.1.3, 23.3.2.3a, g, 24.3.2.4

Raise both arms vertically, palms forward

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DELAY IN SERVICE

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DELAY IN SERVICE

11 DELAY IN SERVICE
Relevant Rule: 12.4.4

Raise eight fingers, spread open

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - BALL NOT TOSSED

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - BALL NOT TOSSED

10 BALL NOT TOSSED OR RELEASED AT THE SERVICE HIT
Relevant Rule: 12.4.1

Lift the extended arm, the palm of the hand facing upwards

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - END OF SET

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - END OF SET

9 END OF SET (OR MATCH)
Relevant Rules: 6.2, 6.3

Cross the forearms in front of the chest, hands open

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DISQUALIFICATION

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - DISQUALIFICATION

8 DISQUALIFICATION
Relevant Rules: 21.3.3, 21.6, 23.3.2.2

Show red and yellow cards separately for disqualification

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - EXPULSION both cards

volleyball game - REFEREES HAND SIGNALS - EXPULSION both cards

7 EXPULSION

Relevant Rules: 21.3.2, 21.6, 23.3.2.2
Show both cards jointly for expulsion